El 25 de noviembre de 1960, las Hermanas Mirabal (Patria, María Teresa y Minerva) visitaron a los dirigentes encarcelados Manuel Tavárez y Leandro Guzmán, opositores al régimen dictatorial de Trujillo en República Dominicana. Durante el trayecto, fueron interceptadas por un comando Trujillista, secuestradas, golpeadas y asfixiadas junto con un acompañante que conducía el vehículo en el cual se transportaban. Para alegar que había sido un accidente, los agresores volcaron dicho medio de transporte en un precipicio con los cadáveres en su interior.
El dictador mandó a matar a las Mirabal no solo porque ellas eran las esposas de los dirigentes o por una manifestación de despotismo, machismo y agresión (tanto por parte Trujillo como por los ejecutantes de la orden), sino que la razón de su muerte está relacionada con el hecho de que ellas eran precursora (en el caso de Minerva) y militantes Anti-trujillistas del movimiento 14 de junio, organización de izquierda que pretendía derrocar al tirano (3).
Dictadura de Trujillo y el movimiento 14 junio
“(…) Ningún gobernante actual detenta tanto poder como Trujillo. (…) El Generalísimo Franco en España, a quien Trujillo admira, tolera algo de disentimiento; en la tierra de Trujillo, los que expresan su disentimiento hallan la muerte”.
Rafael Trujillo ascendió al poder en 1930, luego de ejercer como Jefe del ejército Dominicano. Su llegada al poder fue por la vía de la sangre y todo su mandato también. Trujillo fue derrocado, tras varios intentos, gracias a un complot de sus propios seguidores en 1961.
En una resolución del III Congreso Continental de la O.R.I.T. (Organización Regional Interamericana de Trabajadores), celebrado en Costa Rica en 1955, se menciona las condiciones políticas de República Dominicana para el movimiento obrero y se solicita solidaridad internacional: “Que en la República Dominicana, existe una situación política contraria a los intereses de la clase trabajadora de ese país; (…) un régimen militarista asaltó el poder, disolviendo la Confederación Dominicana del Trabajo y pisoteando las conquistas y derechos de los trabajadores”.
El movimiento 14 de junio llevó ese nombre por un anterior intento fallido para derrocar a Trujillo, con ayuda del nuevo Gobierno Cubano. Dicho movimiento, se fundó antes de la muerte de las “Mariposas”, seudónimo de las Hermanas Mirabal, y constituyó en la mayor fuerza de oposición al régimen.
Represión social y violencia contra las mujeres
El 21 de julio de 1981, en un Encuentro Feminista Celebrado en Bogotá, se declaró, a petición de las participantes dominicanas, el 25 de noviembre como Día Internacional Contra la Violencia a la Mujer. Hasta 1999, las Naciones Unidas declaró la fecha de carácter mundial, institucional, gubernamental.
Es ahí donde se le vacía de su verdadero contenido, porque los organismos internacionales del imperialismo le quitan su historia de lucha, organización y enfrentamiento a las dictaduras militares y los gobiernos capitalistas.
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