Quién es José Kast, el «Bolsonaro chileno» que puede llegar al ballotage

El próximo 21 de noviembre se realizarán elecciones presidenciales en Chile. Se tratarán de elecciones muy particulares de gran importancia política. En primer lugar porque se trata de las que serán las primeras elecciones ejecutivas luego de la histórica rebelión de 2019 que movió todos los cimientos políticos del país trasandino.

Pero también, y como consecuencia de lo anterior, porque casi todos los sondeos muestran una debacle de los partidos tradicionales que dominaron la escena política desde el postpinochetismo hasta el estallido de hace dos años.

Quien encabeza las encuestas con una proyección de obtener un 25% es José Antonio Kast, un abogado católico ultraconservador hijo de un jerarca nazi, opositor férreo a la convención constituyente, xenófobo y abiertamente pinochetista. Sus alineamientos internacionales, como era de esperar, se encuentran en Jair Bolsonaro (con quien ya ha celebrado reuniones) y en el ex Presidente norteamericano Donald Trump.

Kast es hijo de Michael Kast, un oficial del ejército nazi que llegó a Chile en los finales de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Claro que ni los delitos ni las afinidades políticas se heredan, lo que hace aun peor que Kast haya abrazado voluntaria y conscientemente el grueso de las ideas de su padre. Ya desde su juventud comenzó su militancia política en la derecha junto a Jaime Guzmán, el «intelectual» oficial de la dictadura de Pinochet y uno de los autores de la Constitución que ahora el pueblo chileno comenzó a cuestionar.

Aunque en un principio su activismo político comenzó en la Unión Demócrata Independiente, de corte pospinochetista y que actualmente apoya el gobierno de Sebastián Piñera, desde 2016 Kast fundó su propio partido independiente, el Partido Republicano. Desde allí, como un outsider, pudo desplegar más abiertamente su discurso de extrema derecha.

Así como Trump ganó las elecciones proponiendo construir un muro en la frontera con México, Kast sostiene que quiere cavar una zanja en la frontera norte con Bolivia para evitar la llegada de inmigrantes al país.

La inspiración en el ex Presidente norteamericano no termina allí: Kast también niega la importancia del cambio climático y propone bajarle los impuestos a los ricos. Además de proponer una política de «mano dura» contra las poblaciones mapuches en el sur del país. Kast crítica por la derecha a Piñera en todos estos aspectos.

Reconfiguración política

La rebelión popular de 2019 fue un terremoto político para el país trasandino. Desde aquel momento hasta hoy, los partidos tradicionales de la democracia pospinochetista se han venido a pique, tanto los de la centro-derecha como de la centro-izquierda. El ascenso de la figura de Kast viene a representar la reacción hostil al inmenso movimiento progresivo de la rebelión.

La derecha tradicional hoy encabezada por Piñera no sólo sufrió el golpe mortal de movilización. También los enchastres de corrupción fueron erosionando su legitimidad en su propia base social de derecha. El escándalo de la aparición de Sebastián Piñera en los Pandora Papers ha llevado a que comience un proceso de impeachment que podría derivar en la destitución del actual Presidente. La iniciativa ya cuenta con la aprobación en la Cámara de Diputados, y ahora se dirige al Senado.

Con Piñera golpeado por la rebelión y por las causas de corrupción, y como reacción hostil a la Convención Constituyente y los debates que se abrieron, una parte importante del electorado que siempre votó a los partidos tradicionales de la derecha se estarían volcando por la extrema derecha de Kast. De hecho, el porcentaje de su intención de voto coincide exactamente con el porcentaje de voto al rechazo en el referéndum para modificar la constitución.

Kast viene expresar en Chile el clima internacional de polarización política. Como complemento y confirmación de esto, su principal rival en un eventual ballotage podría ser Gabriel Boric, por la coalición Apruebo Dignidad, una alianza entre el Frente Amplio y el Partido Comunista. Aunque con un programa estrechamente reformista y sin cuestionar el sistema capitalista como tal, la candidatura de Boric expresa un programa más de izquierda que la centro-izquierda ultra moderada y tradicional chilena. Boric vendría a representar una candidatura más de corte «progresista» como Chile no tuvo durante el auge de los gobiernos de centro-izquierda en Latinoamérica.

Ahora, en plena discusión sobre la convención constituyente y con Piñera frente a la posibilidad seria de ser destituido mediante un juicio político, Chile podría enfrentarse a un ballotage entre dos outsiders de la política tradicional. Pase lo que pase, las elecciones del próximo 21 de noviembre seguramente devuelvan importantes novedades políticas para Chile y toda la región.

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